Designing a standard industrial factory not only ensures optimal functionality but also meets the sustainable development trend in 2025. This is a process that requires in-depth experience and solid knowledge of the general contractor construction industry - something that not all investors can easily grasp. In this article, Hai Long Construction will introduce the 6 latest industrial factory design standards, helping you optimize your project and improve operational efficiency!
1. Factory floor design
When designing industrial factory floors, compliance with technical standards such as TCVN 2737:1995 is a mandatory factor to ensure durability, safety and optimal functionality for the factory. Below are important requirements that investors and design units such as Hai Long Construction Joint Stock Company need to meet:
Weak ground treatment
For areas with unstable geology (weak ground), it is necessary to apply appropriate foundation treatment measures such as reinforcement with sand piles, bamboo piles or artificial foundations, depending on the specific conditions of the project.
Background texture
The foundation structure must be compatible with the production technology and the purpose of the factory. Common types of foundations include:
- Concrete, reinforced concrete or asphalt concrete base.
- Waterproof cement tile floor.
- Flooring made of wood, board or industrial plastic.
- Steel foundation (often used in heavy factories).
Substrate requirements
- Sidewalk width ranges from 0,2m to 0,8m, with slope 1-3% to ensure effective drainage, avoiding affecting the factory structure.
Concrete Floor Design – Popular Choice in 2025
Currently, reinforced concrete foundations are the most popular solution in industrial factory projects thanks to their high durability and good load-bearing capacity. When designing concrete foundations, it is important to note:
- Split background cells: Maximum cell length 0,6m to limit cracking due to thermal shrinkage.
- Liner thickness: Minimum 0,1m to increase stability.
- Cell insertion circuit: Use bitumen or specialized sealant to ensure tightness and waterproofing.
2. Factory foundation design
The factory foundation is considered an important "support", ensuring stability and durability for the entire industrial factory structure. To achieve this, it is necessary to strictly comply with design standards and conduct thorough inspections before construction. According to TCVN 10304:2014, industrial factory foundation design needs to be based on the following factors to ensure feasibility and safety:
Factors to consider when designing foundations
- Geological survey: Based on the results of geological survey to determine the appropriate foundation type.
- Earthquake: Assessment of the earthquake resistance of the construction area.
- Factory function: Suitable for technological structure and purpose of use (production, storage, etc.).
- Weight: Calculate the load acting on the foundation according to TCVN 2737:1995, including static and dynamic loads.
- Ecological factors: Ensure design is in harmony with natural conditions and environmental protection requirements.
- Economic and technical: Provide optimal solutions, balancing costs and efficiency for investors.
Important notes in nail design
- Column with expansion joint: The foundation must be designed jointly for two adjacent columns to ensure stability when the structure expands.
- Walls without structural frames (brick, rubble): Maximum foundation depth 15cm.
- Design the wall support beam so that the ground surface is at least higher than the top surface of the beam. 3cm to ensure good drainage and load bearing.
- Harsh environment: In areas with high temperatures or corrosive substances (chemicals, salts), the foundation should use heat-resistant (special concrete) or anti-corrosion (anti-sulfate additives) materials.
- Hydrological characteristics: Depending on the terrain and groundwater level, foundation types can be selected such as:
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- Single foundation: Suitable for hard ground, light load.
- Ice foundation: For long walls or medium ground.
- Pile foundation: Ideal for weak, flooded ground.
- Raft foundation: Optimized for large areas, evenly distributed load.
3. Factory roof and roof door design
Designing the roof and roof doors of the factory according to technical standards not only increases durability and resistance to harsh weather but also ensures the provision of natural light and effective ventilation. This creates a safe and optimal working environment for workers and improves factory operating efficiency.
Roof slope design standards
The roof slope must be suitable for the roofing material to ensure optimal drainage and load-bearing capacity:
- Asbestos cement roofing sheets: Slope 30% - 40%.
- Roofing: Slope 15% - 20%, popular due to its reasonable cost and ease of construction.
- Tiles: Slope 50% - 60%, suitable for factories requiring high aesthetics.
- Reinforced concrete: Slope 5% - 8%With this type of roof, it is necessary to arrange thermal and waterproof slots at intervals. 24m along the length of the factory to reduce the risk of cracking due to thermal shrinkage.
Rainwater drainage system design standards
Rainwater drainage system needs to be flexible according to each type of roof:
- Multi-span roof:
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- Design internal or external drainage system depending on roofing material (corrugated iron, concrete, etc.).
- Must be connected synchronously to the overall drainage system of the factory to avoid flooding.
- Single span roof:
- No need for complex drainage system as rainwater flows freely down the slope.
- With factory with high columns from 5,5m or more, should install additional gutters to control flow and protect the structure.
Roof door design standards
Skylights play an important role in lighting and ventilation, and must comply with the following requirements:
- Composite roof door:
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- Use minimum thickness vertical glass 3 mm, maximum door length 84m.
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- Minimum setback position 1 column step from the top column of the house to ensure structural safety.
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- Do not install near heat generating equipment or containing toxic substances due to high risk of explosion.
- Ventilation roof door (humid factory):
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- Equipped with rainproof canopy, maximum tilt angle 15 degrees (or 45 degrees if there is a shutter on top).
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- Shutters should be made of durable materials (such as aluminum, galvanized steel), shatterproof and moisture resistant.
Special cases when designing roofs
- No roof door:
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- Applicable to factories that take advantage of natural light through walls, meeting Circular 22/2016/BYT and other lighting regulations.
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- Not suitable if the factory has equipment that generates heat, moisture or toxic substances.
- Make roof vents: For factories that generate heat, are humid or contain toxic substances, ensuring ventilation and labor safety.
- No glass for skylights: Suitable for factories that only need ventilation and rain protection, prioritize lightweight materials such as corrugated iron or polycarbonate.
4. Design of factory walls and partitions
The design phase of walls and partitions for industrial factories needs to consider factors such as factory size, purpose of use, material durability and the wishes of the factory investor.
Standards for industrial factory wall design:
- Choose the right wall type: There are many types of walls on the market today such as load-bearing walls, frame-filled walls, self-bearing walls... with materials used such as reinforced concrete, natural stone,... The choice of which type of wall will depend on the investor's wishes, usage function and factory structure.
- Waterproof wall base: Most industrial factories today choose waterproof wall bases, although this is not mandatory. This will help prevent rainwater from seeping into the factory, protect property and prevent goods from being corroded. In addition, the wall base moisture-proof layer must be made of cement mortar grade 75 and 20cm thick, placed at ground level.
Standards for designing partitions for factories:
- Materials suitable for factory type: Materials commonly used for partitions include reinforced concrete panels, wood, plywood, steel mesh, etc.
- Removable partitions: This is the selection criteria of most smart, modern factories. Easily removable partitions will help businesses be flexible and quickly change the layout of the factory area when necessary.
- Column height less than 6m: For each factory span, maximum 12m, helps ensure safety, durability and stability throughout the usage process.
5. Door and window design
Although not as complicated as other designs, door and window design must also meet the requirements of each type of factory, suitable for the number of users and the function of the factory. Below are some door and window design standards that factory investors need to know:
Door design standards:
- Door direction: Afternoon opening from inside out.
- Size: Depending on the size of the type of transport that regularly enters and exits the industrial plant's operations.
Window design standards:
- In case the height is less than 2.4m from the floor: The window in this case needs to ensure easy opening/closing. Most common factory windows apply the type of window under 2.4m.
- In case the height is over 2.4m from the floor: The window design needs to have a fixed frame to ensure safety in all weather conditions such as storms, floods, and strong winds. In addition, the window in this case also needs to be equipped with a tightly clamped door that can be opened/closed mechanically.
6. Other designs
In addition to the basic design standards above, factory investors often “forget” extremely important design criteria, including electrical design, fire protection and lightning protection. Below is a detailed analysis of the factors, including:
- About electrical design: The electrical system of industrial factories must ensure that it meets electrical safety requirements, high-voltage and low-voltage power grid design standards, etc. Ensure that the factory's production electricity is designed to suit the function and safety for workers.
- About fire protection design: When designing a factory fire protection system, it must be suitable for the type of fire, the amount of combustible material in the factory and the dangerous nature. In addition, the fire protection design also needs to determine the specific location of fire fighting equipment, fire alarm system, warning signs, emergency exits and the facility fire protection team. Ensure that the fire protection design of the industrial factory complies with Decree 136 / 2020 / ND-CP.
- About lightning protection system design: Lightning protection system is a vital factor to protect the factory and workers in bad weather conditions. Equipment arrangement: Lightning rods and conductors must be installed at the highest points (roof, column); Grounding system ensures safe lightning discharge to the ground. Force-resistance: Design to withstand average lightning frequency and energy in the area (according to TCVN 9385:2012). Comprehensive safety: Protect both the building structure and the electrical equipment inside from damage caused by lightning strikes.
You are looking for one Prestigious and professional factory and warehouse construction unitPlease contact Hai Long Construction for advice and quotation:
- HAI LONG CONSTRUCTION JOINT STOCK COMPANY – MEMBER OF TAIYO GROUP
- Address: Taiyo Building, 97 Bach Dang, Ha Ly Ward, Hong Bang District, Hai Phong City, Vietnam.
- Hotline: 084 6625 888
- Email: info@hailongjsc.vn
