If the steel structure frame is likened to the skeleton of a building, then the steel column is the backbone, playing the role of the foundation for solidity and safety. Especially in industrial factory buildings, where there are production activities and heavy-duty machinery, the steel column of the factory is a structure that requires absolute technique and precision.
This article will analyze in depth the role, detailed structure and common classifications of steel columns, providing basic knowledge for students, engineers and investors.
1. What is the role of steel columns in a construction?
Steel columns are load-bearing structures designed vertically, acting as the main support for the entire structure. The core tasks of steel columns include:
- Load bearing: Receive all loads from upper structures such as roof, beams, trusses, floors and all arising loads (wind load, live load on roof, crane load).
- Load transmission: Safely transfer all received loads to the foundation system.
- Ensuring stability: Together with the foundation and roof, steel columns form a unified frame, ensuring balance and stability for the structure, against tilting and collapsing.
2. Detailed structure of a typical steel column
A complete steel column, regardless of shape or size, consists of three main parts:
- Column head: Is the top part of the column, responsible for supporting structures such as beams and trusses. This is the connection between the column and the roof system, helping to distribute the load from above to the column body.
- Scape: Is the main load-bearing part, extending along the entire height of the column. The column body receives and transmits the load from the top of the column to the base of the column.
- Column foot: As the bottom part, the column is directly connected to the foundation system through anchor bolts. The column foot has the role of evenly distributing the load from the column body to the foundation.
3. Classification of steel columns in industrial buildings
Steel columns are very diverse in form, depending on the load-bearing requirements and characteristics of each project. Steel columns can be classified according to the following criteria:
Classification by column cross section
- Solid section column: It is a column made from a solid block of steel, usually I-shaped steel, H-shaped steel or a composite column welded from steel plates. This type of column is very sturdy and popular.
- Hollow section column: Made up of 2, 3 or 4 steel branches (U, I, L shaped steel or pipes) connected together by a bracing system (bracing bars or brace plates). Hollow columns are often used when high rigidity is required but not too high load bearing capacity.
Classification by cross-sectional change
- Constant cross section column: Columns have a uniform cross-section along their entire length. This type is easy to design and manufacture, and is often used in factories without cranes or cranes with small lifting capacity (under 15-20 tons).
- Variable cross section column (Step column): Columns have variable cross-sections, usually the lower part is larger than the upper part. This type of column is used when the factory has a large lifting capacity crane, helping to optimize load-bearing capacity and save materials.
Classification by load diagram
- Central compression column: Vertical load acting coincides with the centroid of the column section. This case is rare in practice.
- Eccentric compression column: The load acts off the center of gravity of the section, causing both compressive force and bending moment to the column. This is the most common case in construction works.
The choice of column type depends on a careful analysis of factors such as: the load of the structure, whether to use a crane or not, the factory span, and architectural requirements. An optimal steel column design not only ensures absolute safety but also helps save material costs for the investor.
WHY SHOULD YOU CHOOSE HAI LONG CONSTRUCTION AS A STEEL STRUCTURE PRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION UNIT?
With more than 25 years of experience in the field of manufacturing & erecting steel structures, Hai Long Construction is proud to be Leading reputable unit, providing customers with complete construction solutions, meeting all needs and requirements.
- Team experienced engineers, architects and experts, knowledgeable about the design and construction of warehouse factories according to international standards.
- Diverse construction capacity, meeting all project sizes and requirements, from simple to complex factories.
- Possessing a system of modern machinery and equipment, ensuring fast, accurate and safe construction.
- Professional construction process, is strictly managed.
You are looking for one Prestigious and professional steel structure manufacturing and erection unit? Please contact Hai Long Construction for free consultation and quote:
- HAI LONG CONSTRUCTION JOINT STOCK COMPANY – MEMBER OF TAIYO GROUP
- Address: Taiyo Building, 97 Bach Dang, Ha Ly Ward, Hong Bang District, Hai Phong City, Vietnam.
- Hotline: 084 6625 888
- Email: info@hailongjsc.vn
