In the context of modern industrialization in 2026, large-span factory buildings (typically > 30m without central columns) are becoming the standard for logistics centers and smart manufacturing plants. The erection of this frame system requires absolute precision to ensure structural safety and longevity.
1. Characteristics of large-span steel frame systems
Large-span steel frame systems have distinct characteristics compared to conventional prefabricated steel structures:
- Heavy component weight: Truss beams are often assembled in a slab (truss) or hollow-core beam configuration to optimize material usage while maintaining stiffness.
- Sensitivity to deformation: Due to the long spans, the structure is very sensitive to installation errors. Even a 1% deviation at the column base can lead to significant deviations at the truss top.
- Complex bracing system: The roof bracing, column bracing, and purlins must be designed to resist torsion and out-of-plane instability during construction.
- Use high-strength steel: The trend for 2026 favors steel grades like Q355 or S355 to reduce self-weight.
This air system possesses specialized technical characteristics such as:
- Optimizing cross-section: To span large distances without excessively increasing weight, beams and columns often utilize composite I-beams with varying (beveled) cross-sections. The cross-section is larger at points subject to high bending moments (such as the frame joints) and gradually decreases towards the middle of the span.
- Lightweight, high strength: Compared to traditional reinforced concrete, steel frame structures are significantly lighter but possess exceptionally excellent load-bearing, tensile, and compressive strength.
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Superior seismic resistance: Thanks to the ductility of steel and the tight connection of the anchor bolt system, large-span building frames are very effective at absorbing and dissipating seismic forces, minimizing risks in the event of an earthquake.
2. Mandatory Technical Standards (TCVN) updated 2026
For a large-span factory building project to meet quality standards and be accepted for use, the entire process from design to construction must comply with regulations. National Standards System (TCVN) The latest. As of 2026, the core standards include:
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TCVN 5575:2024 – Design of steel structures: This is the latest "backbone" design standard, replacing the old TCVN 5575:2012. This standard specifies in detail the classification of structural elements, overall stability calculations, material reliability coefficients, and updates to high-strength steel grades in accordance with international standards.
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TCVN 2737:2023 – Loads and effects: This standard specifies how to determine the types of loads (dead load, live load), especially the calculation of wind pressure according to new recurring cycles, a crucial factor affecting the stability of large-span factory buildings.
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TCVN 13194:2020 – Steel structures – Erection and acceptance: This standard directly governs on-site work. It sets out strict regulations regarding permissible tolerances for assembly, positioning of components, and acceptance procedures for steelwork.
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TCVN 170-2:2022 – Technical requirements for steel structures: Supplementing regulations on fabrication, anti-overturning inspection during lifting and lowering operations, and risk control during the erection of complex structural systems.
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QCVN 18:2021/BXD – Safety in construction work: National technical standards are mandatory to ensure occupational safety, especially regulations concerning lifting equipment and working at height.
3. Safe erection procedures for large-span structures
Erecting large-span steel structures is a complex process, requiring seamless coordination between personnel and heavy machinery. A standard erection procedure includes the following steps:
- Inspect and locate the anchor bolts: Before lifting the structural components, the surveying team must use a total station or laser to accurately check the centerline, elevation, and height of the anchor bolts embedded in the foundation. Any deviation at this stage will result in the inability to properly connect the massive steel frames.
- Erecting temporary columns and bracing systems: Heavy-duty cranes are used to lift the steel columns into position. As soon as the columns are firmly in place, temporary bracing measures must be immediately established to maintain stability against wind forces.
- Assembly and crane installation of roof trusses: For very large spans (e.g., 60m – 100m), the truss is usually divided into multiple sections. The assembly of these truss sections is typically done underground. Then, a synchronized lifting method (using 2-3 cranes) is used to raise the entire truss system to the top of the column and secure it with bolts.
- First spatial lock: It is mandatory to immediately install the purlins, vertical bracing, and diagonal bracing (column bracing, roof bracing) for the first bay. This step creates a securely fixed space.
- Tighten high-strength bolts: All load-bearing connections must utilize high-strength bolts. The tightening torque is precisely controlled using specialized torque wrenches, ensuring the correct design torque value so that the connection does not slip under load.
4. Pay attention to controlling deflection and deformation.
For large-span factory buildings, the biggest geometric "enemy" is deflection. Under the influence of the self-weight of the structural elements, the load of the roofing system and suspension equipment, the roof truss system is very susceptible to sagging.
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Comply with deflection limits: According to Appendix G of TCVN 2737:2023 standard, the deflection of bending elements must be within permissible limits (e.g., L/150, L/200, L/250 depending on the span L and cladding material) to ensure aesthetic and psychological requirements and prevent water accumulation on the roof.
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Pre-cambering technique: To address the sagging phenomenon, design engineers will pre-calculate an upward "camber" for the lower chord of the steel truss (usually 10-20 cm).
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Check the actual deflection: After the main frame and roofing are completed, the QC engineer must use a surveying instrument to remeasure the deflection at the mid-span. If the deflection falls outside the allowable tolerance of TCVN 13194:2020, the contractor must take technical intervention measures before acceptance and handover.
The construction of large-span steel-structured factory buildings is clear evidence of the contractor's capabilities. Mastering and strictly adhering to the latest Vietnamese National Standards (especially TCVN 5575:2024 and TCVN 13194:2020), combined with professional erection procedures and deflection control techniques, is key to creating safe, durable industrial buildings that optimize operational space for businesses.
HAI LONG CONSTRUCTION IS A REPUTABLE STEEL STRUCTURE MANUFACTURER
Choosing the right steel structure processing partner is the decisive factor for the success of each construction project. In the context of the market increasingly demanding high quality, progress and safety, Hai Long Steel Structure Proud to be the leading brand trusted by many large domestic and foreign investors:
- Team experienced engineers, architects and experts, knowledgeable about the design and construction of warehouse factories according to international standards.
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- Professional construction process, is strictly managed.
You are looking for one Prestigious and professional steel structure manufacturing and erection unit? Please contact Hai Long Construction for free consultation and quote:
- HAI LONG CONSTRUCTION JOINT STOCK COMPANY
- Address: Taiyo Building, 97 Bach Dang, Hong Bang Ward, Hai Phong City, Vietnam.
- Hotline: 084 6625 888
- Email: info@hailongjsc.vn
